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>>Newton Gang
>>Fort Inge
Long before white men every saw and described this country, roving bands of Plains Indians hunted on the prairies and gathered pecans along the mountain streams. Although the Spaniards knew of the region possible as early as 1535, and later made frequent trips across it, only three attempts were made to settle here before the annexation of Texas to the United States.
The first of these was in 1762. Since the middle of the eighteenth century, the Comanche, Wichita, and Towkawa nations of the north had steadily pressed the Apaches southward. Enemy of the white and red man alike, the Apaches were the scourge of the Spanish Frontier, repeatedly attacking pack trains bound for San Antonio, or destroying the ranches near Laredo. With the hope of controlling these Indians, Captain Roboza and Father Ximenes were sent to found a mission and presidio on the Nueces River. On January 23, upon a site at present Camp Wood, Edwards County, Father Ximenes and Father Banos formally founded Mission San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz. While 300 Indians joined in the ceremony and hundreds more looked on, Father Ximenes solemnly tolled the mission bell that had been set up in a temporary shelter. The presidio was garrisoned with twenty soldiers, and the mission occupied by a band of Lipans under Chief Caberzon.
A few weeks later another mission, Nuestra Senora do la Candelaria, was founded for a band of Lipans under Chief Turnie. Mission Candelaria was four or five leagues down the Nueces River and on the opposite side of the river from San Lorenzo at the site of the present village of Montell, Uvalde County.
Each mission attracted more than 400 Lipan neophytes. Some of them were set to clearing land and planting corn, while others were given the task of making adobe bricks to build a church. By summer the church at San Lorenzo was completed and the twelve bushels of corn that had been planted promised a good harvest. The ambitious efforts of the missionaries failed, however, as the corn was consumed by roving tribes of Indians long before it was ripe. The neophytes were fickle and deserted the missions at will, returning chiefly to enjoy the protection afforded by the garrison from their enemies, the Comanches. The missionaries had other difficulties: Officials in Mexico not only refused to aid these newly founded missions, they ignored their very existence. Often the priests were reduced to direst need.
All during the winter and spring of 1767, the Comanches harassed both missions relentlessly. Candelaria was abandoned after the Comanches massacred a large number of Lipans within sight of the mission, and though San Lorenzo continued a precarious existence for two more years, it too was eventually abandoned.
Having failed to convert the Indians, the Spaniards instituted a series of military campaigns to conquer them. Captain Juan de Ugalde, Governor of Coahuila, partly solved the Apache problem by turning the Lipans against the Mescalero Apaches in a series of four campaigns between 1779 and 1783 in which we crossed the Rio Grande into the Chisos Mountains and sought the Mescaleros in their own haunts. In 1790, Ugalde united the Comanche, Taovaya, Wichita and Tawakoni tribes and led them to a decisive victory over the Apaches at Arroyo de la Boledad. The site of the battle was on the west bank of the Sabinal River, four miles south of the present village of Utopia. The canyon became known as Canon del Ugalde in commemoration of Ugalde's exploits. Corrupted at some point, it became Uvalde, and gave a name to Uvalde County a century after the battle.
The Spaniards made a second attempt to settle the region in 1805, when Antonio Cordero, Governor of Coahuila, planned the establishment of the villa of Nueva Jean on the Frio River crossed of El Camino Real (The King's Highway). A settlement was actually begun there, but it failed because of a lack of an adequate water supply.
When Mexico won her independence from Spain in 1821, Texas was as yet a “howling wilderness” with but three wretched settlements: San Antonio Bexar, the pueblo of Nacogdoches, and the Presidio de la Bahia. These connected with Moncalva by El Camino Real. It was into this wilderness, following the King's Highway for a portion of the trip into the Uvalde Region, that Dr. John Charles Beales, an Englishman who had obtained a Mexican colonization grant, led 59 French, German and Irish colonists in 1834. On March 16, the immigrants reached Las Moras Creek in present Kinney County. Near the head of the creek they laid out a town site that they called the Villa De Dolores, and on March 25 they chose their local officers.
The early months of the colony encouraged the settlers. The first crops were promising, but during Beales's absence, the crops withered and died because the colonists had no irrigation facilities. One by one the families began to drift away. Following the murder of several of their number on a nearby rancho, the last colonists left Dolores on March 10, 1836 hoping to make their way to the coast. While they were camped on the Nueces River en route to San Patricio, a band of Comanche fell upon them, massacring the men and taking the women and children into captivity.
With the failure of the Dolores colony, no further attempt was made to settle the territory west of San Antonio until after the organization of the Republic of Texas. It was at this time in 1844 that Henri Castro, an impresario of Jewish Portuguese descent, settled a group of Alsations on the west bank of the Medina River in the town of Castroville. Since this time the settlement of the upper Median-Nueces River county has been unbroken. Castro and his agents moved steadily westward, establishing three other towns within 2 years: Quihi, Vanderburg and D’Hanis. By 1848 a sufficient number of large families had occupied the region to merit organization of a county, and Median County was organized on August 7.
Indian resistance still remained a powerful barrier to Anglo-American settlements, and the region that is present day Uvalde County did not attract residents until a year later. Following the close of the Mexican War and the discovery of gold in California, the United States began an extensive process of exploration in Texas. At least seven reconnaissance parties were sent to various areas of the State in 1849 to select strategic positions for frontier forts and to open the Far West to trade and settlement. An early report of a survey of the country between the Nueces and the Rio Grande recommended the establishment of a line of forts along the Woll Road, an old smuggling trail which General Adrian Woll followed in making his attack on San Antonio in September of 1842 and that his 1,200 soldiers so tramped out that for years after it remained the main route from San Antonio to Eagle Pass (having been considerably straightened, it is today the San Antonio-Uvalde Highway). Three Federal army posts were established along this route early in 1849: one at Eagle Pass, one in Medina County, and one at the Leona River.
Fort Inge, established by Captain Sidney Burbank, First United States Infantry, in February 1849 was two miles south of the present city of Uvalde, near the Leona River. The buildings were all “very rough and temporary.” Some of the officer's lodgings were mere jacals of sticks and mud, but all were whitewashed and neatly kept. Lieutenant W.H.C. Whiting, who had chosen the site, wrote in 1850 that large and fine gardens had been laid out and “grazing in the vicinity through the rich mesquite flats of the Leona is unrivaled.”
The protection proffered by the forts attracted several corn farmers to the Leona almost immediately. A few families settled along the Frio and Sabinal and began the manufacture of cypress shingles. When W.W. Arnett, who had a contract to furnish the troops with hay for their horses, pitched his tent near For Inge on February 10, 1852, he found five families already living there: those of Cave Nelson, Clem Howard, Westfall Tom Rife, Sam Everett, and Henry Levering. Big Foot Wallance carried the mail from San Antonio to El Paso, changing mounts at Fort Inge.
The troops and early settlers found the location ideal. Wood and stone were abundant. Lumber could be bought from Bastrop for $75 to $80 per thousand feet. The Leona had a good supply of clear water and fuel wood was available at $1.50 a cord. Beef was plentiful at 7 cents a pound delivered to the post. The Overland Southern Mail crossed the river near the fort and wagon trains transported freight at 85 cents per hundred pounds.
On February 8, 1850, Uvalde County was created out of the territory of Bexar County. The boundaries were as follows: Beginning at the junction of the Frio and Leona River, then up the Frio to the southwestern corner of Medina County, then thirty-six miles to its northwestern corner, then west to the Nueces River, then down the Nueces to the crossing of the upper Presidio Del Rio Grande road, and finally in a direct line to the beginning.
The new county was to be called Uvalde for the Canyon of Uvalde. The act of creation provided further that the chief justice of Bexar County should hold an election at once; but there were too few settlers in the region and so the organization of the county was not effected until nearly six years later.
By 1853 two settlements had been made on the Sabinal River. On August 17, 1852, Captain William Ware, a Kentuckian who commanded a company at San Jacinto drove his herd of 600 cattle into the Sabinal Valley near present day Utopia and pitched his tent on the site that would later be his home. He instructed his thirteen-year-old son John to plant a peach tree, declaring when it was done that the first fruit tree had been planted between D’Hanis and the Rio Grande.
Other families soon followed Ware, and the community became known as Waresville. In or near it lived the families of Gideon Thompson: John McCormick, Aaron Anglin, Henry Robinson, Abe Kelley, James Davenport, John Davenport, John Fenley, and Jasper Wish. Here William Roundtree taught at one of the earliest schools in the county; the Davenport School on Rancheros Creek.
The other settlement was lower down the Sabinal River near the present town of Sabinal. Established by George W. Patterson, John Leakey, and A.B. Dillard, it was known as the Patterson community. Men of both settlements figured with almost equal prominence in the early history of the county.
But the man who was to bring organization to these frontier settlements and would build a city in the wilderness did not arrive until 1853. Reading W. Black, son of a New Jersey Quaker family, was but twenty-two years of age when he formed a partnership with Nathan L. Stratton to engage in livestock raising and trading in the Uvalde region. With a capital of $9,500 the two men in March 1853 bought “an undivided leaguer and labor” along the Leona River in Bexar Survey 71.
Although there were only 75 persons living within the present territorial limits of Uvalde County at the time, Black and Stratton could hardly have chosen a more apt location in Texas for their enterprise. In the fertile valley of the Leona River grass was abundant throughout the year and supplemental feeding of stock was rarely necessary. Their land, moreover, was near the main line of travel between San Antonio and Laredo, and Fort Duncan and El Paso. The soldiers at Fort Inge and the Indians who frequently camped at the two-mile water hole to the north traded with the partners.
To increase his cattle range, on June 12, 1854 Black added 646 acres fronting the Leona, just north of his original purchase, to his holdings. At the end of his first two years on the Leona, however, raising stock had become merely one of his many enterprises. By this time he had opened a store, cleared land, set out an orchard, and opened a lime kiln and two rock quarries. He had replaced the two-room house where he and Stratton had first lived with a sturdy stone building. A thousand head of sheep grazed his pastures and at his trading post on the Leona he was busy buying and selling horses, mules and general merchandise.
On April 15, 1855, Black cut the first street of present Uvalde. He then selected William C. A. Thielepape, a German surveyor and lithographer and later Reconstruction Mayor of San Antonio to plan out a town that he proposed to call Encina. His choice was a fortunate one, for Thielepape was a talented artist. To him, perhaps more than to Black, should be credited the intrinsic beauty of the town whose streets and plazas the two cut from the forest of live oaks on the Leona. Thielepape divided the tract into 464 lots and four plazas (one of which was designated courthouse square) and laid off seven streets. On May 9, Black paid Thielepape $58 for his work.
Encina's first months were discouraging. Before the surveyors's work was completed the garrison at Fort Inge was moved to Fort Clark. After the withdrawal of Federal troops, Lipan and Seminole Indians began raiding and plundering the region. When Captain James H. Callahan and his rangers failed to defeat the Indians in a flight that led them into Mexico in October 1855, many families gave up their frontier holdings and moved back to San Antonio.
Undaunted, Black began to push forward a plan for organizing local government. When the legislature convened in 1855, he had ready a petition asking for the creation of a county embracing the territory now included in Maverick, Kinney and Uvalde Counties, to be called Uvalde, with its county seat in Encina. The settlers on the Leona favored the plan and it was also approved at Eagle Pass, Las Moras, and at the Patterson Settlement. The petition bore 80 signatures, representing all sections of the territory to be organized, except the upper Sabinal region. J.H. Cleveland, representative, introduced the bill on November 8, 1856 and it received a favorable committee report on December 10.
When passage seemed assured, Encina had its first real estate boom. In the weeks following the committee's report, Black sold twelve lots. The final action of the legislature was, however, a disappointment to Encina citizens. Kenny, Maverick and Uvalde Counties were created from the territory Black had hoped Uvalde would embrace and the county seat of Uvalde was not designated but could be located within eight miles of the center of the county.
Uvalde County organized its government units at a special election on April 21, 1856. G.W. Brown of Fort Inge was chosen chief justice; Reading W. Black, Aaron Anglin, William M. Peppers, and George Patterson, all residents of the eastern part of the county were elected county commissioners. James B. Davenport was chosen sheriff; J.C. Ellis, district clerk; John M. McCormick, county clerk; and W.E. Baremore, assessor-collector. Nathan L. Stratton was chosen as treasurer; John Bowles and W.S.B. Owens as Justices of the Peace; and James M Saunders, constable.
All of these men had been among the first to settle in the county, and all were Indian fighters, some of them were subsequently to play the leading roles in tragedies of the frontier. Distinctive among them was John Bowles who, in an age and locality where profanity was a substantial part of every man's vocabulary, earned the pseudonym of “Hog-my-cats” by his substitution of that phrase for the virile oaths of the pioneers.
The Commissioners met for the first time on May 12 at Encina to declare Uvalde County organized. Gidion Thompson, John Bowles, and W.W. Arnett were appointed to choose suitable sites for a county seat. Encina was to be the temporary seat of government. Even before the site was chosen, however, Black was awarded a contract to build a combination jail and courthouse. The first story of the building was to be nine feet high and would house the courtroom and jail; the second story was to be five feet high at the eaves and was to house the offices of the clerks and the sheriff. G.W. Patterson was authorized to purchase “the best and most suitable books that he can for recording the county” and Black was authorized to buy a seal and “notorial wafers” for the county court.
The court designated election precincts on June 2, and on June 14 Encina was chosen the county seat. The name of the town, however, in accordance with the legislative act creating the county, was changed to Uvalde.
This isn't a history of Uvalde city or Uvalde County, but it is a glimpse into the early days of Uvalde - and its entertaining:
Four of the five Newton boys from Uvalde grew up to become train and bank robbers from 1914 through 1929, and went down in history as taking more money, bonds, and bank notes than any of the other famous gangs. Willis, Willie “Doc”, Jess and Joe Newton robbed 87 banks and 6 trains during their notorious career. They hauled off more loot than the Dalton Boys, Butch Cassidy, Jess and Frank James, and all other outlaw groups put together.
The Newtons started breaking into stores at night and stealing items they wanted at a young age, gaining an early reputation. Within a short time their reputations grew and they were accused of many crimes they had not committed, even ones some 350 miles away, and though they had witnesses to prove their whereabouts, they still spent a lot times behind bars.
The first train robbery committed in the name of the gang occurred when one evening Willis and a friend boarded a train at Cline and commenced robbing it just as it started moving west. After they had walked all the cars and robbed all the passengers, they pulled the stop cord just short of Spofford in Kinney County and debarked. They proceeded to walk for four days across the badlands toward Crystal City where Willis’ family was living, entering town under the cover of darkness. That first robbery netted them over $4,700.
In Durant, Oklahoma Willis met a fellow that invited him to join his gang to rob a bank in Boswell. The four of them pulled off the job and got away with $10,000. Even though Willis had been accused of previous bank jobs, this was the first one of which he had been an actual part.
The four brothers were serving time in different prisons for different crimes in 1919. As they got out of prison Willis brought them together to make their own gang. Late in 1920 “Doc” escaped from a prison in Texas and joined his brothers Willis and Joe in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It wasn't until the next spring, though, that Jess was able to join them, but they soon embarked on their lengthy career of robbing banks and trains all over the United States and even into Canada. History shows that the Newton gang was responsible for blowing safes all over Texas, including the two banks in Hondo in the same night. Most of the bank jobs were committed at night when, after casing the prospective bank, they would break in and use nitroglycerin to blow the safes open. They became quite adept at this night work and preferred it to using their guns to hold up banks in daylight which was much more risky.
The gang's last train robbery, and incidentally the largest in American history, took place on June 12, 1924 at Rendent, Illinois. This job netted them over three million dollars, but it was their downfall. They were caught, brought to justice and spent time at the Federal Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, though with considerably shortened sentences due to their cooperation in returning the money.
Charlie Ward, who now resides in Brackettville, was a farmer living in Uvalde in the 1940s and he had seen the Newton brothers off and on throughout his life, but there was one incident that would bring the them all together in a twist of fate.
In 1973 Charlie owned a 500 acre farm just out of Brackettville. Each morning Charlie would start the irrigation system, and then head to town, passing the bank on the way to the post office at around 10:00 a.m. One Monday, though, he noticed Willis Newton sitting in a black four door Chevrolet sedan in front of the Brackettville bank. It wouldn't have caught his attention, but Willis was there again, sitting in front of the bank, for the next three days.
Charlie picked up his mail and his mother and father-in-law's mail on Thursday, as he did every day, and drove out to their ranch one mile east of town. He called the bank and asked Albert Postell, the head cashier, if he had seen Willis sitting in his car across Ann Street for the last few days. Albert said that he had.
“What does he do?” Charlie asked him. Albert replied, “He comes in at 10:00 every morning, changes a $20.00 bill, then he gets back in his car and eventually drives off.”
Charlie asked if he knew who he was. Mr. Potell said no, he didn't know him. Charlie then told him, “He happens to be the biggest and most successful bank robber on the North American continent.” Albert's reaction was shock and surprise.
Several weeks passed and nothing happened, but one day at 10 in the morning two black men and one black woman went into the bank and held it up. The woman stayed by the door while her companions hustled all the patrons into the vault except for Maggie Johnson and Mrs. Lupe Pena who laid down on the floor. Travis Wilson entered the bank and was met with a pistol in the ribs and so joined the two ladies lying on the floor. After the two robbers had collected the money, they drove off in a dummy car and circled through town, then drove off to the cemetery where they met a third man driving a motorcycle with saddle bags mounted over the rear wheel. The money was transferred to the saddlebags and they all drove north on State Highway 334 (the Camp Wood road). The car took the lead and it looked like a clean getaway, but some distance out of town they drove into the low-water Veltman Crossing, which was running, and stalled the engine.
Nan Davis and her child were driving from Uvalde to visit her folks when she came to the Veltman Crossing and saw the car stalled and three people standing in the knee deep water trying to dry off the engine and spark plugs. She drove slowly around the stalled car and continued on. When she got to her parent's, her mother came running to her car and said, “I was just on the phone talking to Brackettville, and the bank has just been robbed by three black people and they don't know where they went.”
Nan replied, “Well mother, I just saw them back at the Veltman Crossing.”
Her mother got on the phone to the Sheriff and told him where the robbers were. The Brackettville sheriff coordinated with the Sheriff at Rocksprings to drive toward Camp Wood and the Sheriff in Uvalde to head to the 19 mile crossing to box the robbers in. In the meantime, the three would be robbers had finally got their car started and had driven just one mile past the 19 mile crossing when they were met by the Sheriff of Uvalde who promptly pulled them over and arrested them. They were outside with their hands on the car, and the Sheriff was inside looking for the stolen money, when the motorcycle drove by and the driver waved as he passed. Realizing all their money was disappearing and the fourth man was getting away, the woman out of spite and disloyalty shouted out, “Don't let that SOB go! He has the money in the saddle bags.”
The Sheriff radioed ahead and Travis Cooper and an assistant from the city police encountered the motorcycle, pulled it over and arrested the driver. Along with the money in the saddlebag they found a cocked six-shooter. In taking it out of the bag Travis managed to drop it on the hammer, shooting himself in the butt; it was the only blood shed in the whole affair.
The four robbers were taken to the Kinney County Jail to be held before being transferred to the Federal Courthouse in Del Rio.
Three days later Willis Newton called the Kinney County Sheriff, Johnny Sheedy and said, “I understand that you are looking for me?” Sheedy asked, “And who are you?” Willis replied, “I'm Willis Newton.” The Sheriff was puzzled by this and said, “I don't know that we are looking for you.” Willis replied, “Well, I'm sitting down here in Laredo at a motel, and I've been here four days.”
It became apparent to the Sheriff from that phone call that Willis Newton had laid out the plans for the robbery including the escape route, the time of day to pull the job, the method by which to do the robbery, and had even trained the robbers. Willis had then left town to establish an alibi for his whereabouts to allay suspicion, but the robbers never implicated him in the robbery. It was fairly obvious, though, that he had been behind it. There was the phone call from Charlie Ward who had identified Willis as being the one casing the bank weeks before, just as he had done on his previous jobs many years ago.
Before this robbery attempt, Willis’ brother Willie (Doc) and R.C., a friend of Doc's, had attempted to hold up a bank in Winters, Texas and were apprehended. At the trial R.C. was sentenced to the penitentiary, but the Judge said that Doc was too old to be sent back to prison and let him go.
Even though the Newton brothers lived many years without causing trouble, it seemed they needed to give their old life just one more try; to capture the thrill of the “Good Ol' Days.”
On a side note, Willis Newton constructed a brick home one half mile North of the Southern Pacific Depot in North Uvalde. He set silver dollars from the various bank robberies in the concrete floor throughout. The house was in a remote location in the 1940s, but is probably occupied today and inside the city limits. It's a wonder if the occupants know about the money under their feet.
Joe Hunter who had acquired the land from the Will Hoag family, frontier settlers in the area, gave Fort Inge Park to Uvalde County. Originally it was part of a one-league land grant owned by Roswell Gillette in the 1830s. In 1997 the land was deeded to Uvalde Historical Commission, Inc. for purposes of historic preservation.
The Fort Inge site contains a steep hill that is the remnants of a volcanic plug and that rises 140 feet above the Leona River valley. This plug is made of Uvale Phonolite, a dark gray basalt-like igneous rock that was formed by a submarine volcanic eruption about 80 million years ago. The uniqueness of the hill as a vantage point and its proximity to the water of the Leona River probably attracted the first human occupation about 8,000 years ago. The earliest artifacts found at the site include late Paleo Uvalde Golondrina points, as well as many archaic projectiles.
The hill has been known by several names. Stonenose was an early name given to the knob by Spanish explorers. It was named after a similar plug near Mexico City. Other names are Patron's Hill after Joseph Patron, a Canary Islander (1751); Pilot's Knob, named by Capt. George W. Hughes in his search for a military route to Mexico (1845); and eventually Mt. Inge after Lt. Zebulon Inge, 2nd Dragoons, killed at the Battle of Resaca de la Palma in the Mexican war.
The Fort Inge area was traversed by explorers and soldiers, but no road was established until 1842 when Mexico's president, General Santa Anna sent General Adrian Woll, a veteran of Napoleon's Grand Army, into Texas. Woll, along with 1,000 men, cannons, wagon, and cattle crossed the Leona River about four miles south of the hill. General Woll's mission in the Texas Republic was to mount a surprise strike on San Antonio.
Woll's Road became the main transportation route west of San Antonio. It was the basis for the San Antonio, El Paso, and San Diego Road. This road linked San Antonio to California during the Gold Rush. U.S. Highway 90 now tracks this course.
On February 14, 1849, General William Worth ordered the 1st Infantry to establish a post on the Leona River near Woll's crossing as part of the first cordon of federal forts on the Texas frontier. On March 13, 1849, Capt. Seth Eastman, combination soldier and frontier artist, arrived at the base of Mt. Inge with approximately 30 men of Company I. They were joined on March 24 by Company D. The troops pitched tents among the elm trees along the river banks and founded what was initially known as the “Post on the Leona.”
The post was considered good duty as it was a beautiful place with plentiful shade, wood, water, fish, and game. Eventually developing into a loose grouping of crude buildings and a stone hospital, it became known as Fort Inge.
The fort served three military functions: to guard the international boundary, to protect vital lines of communication, and to add security to the settlements of the frontier.
The fort was temporary home to many famous soldiers and Indian fighters over the following years. These included Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnson, Lew Wallace, James Longstreet, Charles Whiting, Big Foot Wallace, Michael Van Buren, Frederick Law Olmsted, Philip Sheridan, John Bullis, and Earl Van Dorn.
Dragoons, 1849-1852
Mounted Rifles, 1852-1855
Second Cavalry, 1855-1860
Texas Mounted Riþemen
2nd Confederate Cavalry
4th Cavalry Soldiers of the Confederate States 4th Cavalry of the United States
Buffalo Soldiers of the 9th Cavalry and 41st Infantry Texas Rangers
A 42 acre nature preserve along the scenic Leona River, the park is located 2 miles southeast of Uvalde on Farm Road 140. The Fort Park is operated by volunteers and is open to the public from 8am to dusk Tuesday through Saturday and 10am to dusk on Sunday. Special tours can be arranged.
Within 5 years, the Uvalde Historical Commission envisions Fort Inge as the premier occupied post-Civil War fort operating in Texas. With the assistance of volunteers, visitors will experience day-to-day frontier activities of 1867.
Besides learning about the military history of the fort, activities now available to visitors are fishing, picnicking, and hiking. Additionally bird watching, wildlife and native plan identification, and discovering the unique geology of Mount Inge will be of interest to the naturalist.
$2.00 for adults, $1.00 for children under 12
Uvalde Convention and Visitors Bureau
300 East Main Street
Uvalde, Texas 78801
830-278-3361
Uvalde Historical Commission, Inc.
P.O. Box 5383
Uvalde, Texas 78802
830-278-3499
Portions Reprinted courtesy of the Uvalde Chamber of Commerce and Visitor's Bureau |
